Reproduction and Development - Animals

Animal Reproductive Organs ,their Functions and Processes in Development

I. Stages of Animal Development
     A. Gametogenesis
        i. meiosis
        ii.diploid and haploid cells
     B. Fertilization
     C. Cleavage
        i. totipotent cells within the context of cleavage in vertebrate animals
     D. Gastrulation - formation of three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Each will give rise to specific tissues and organs.
     E. Organogenesis
        i. germ layer in a typical vertebrate animal
     F. Differentiation and Growth

2. Monozygotic and Dizygotic twins.

3. Human male and female reproductive organs
     I. Human male reproductive system
     II. Human female reproductive system

4.Describe human development
     I. Fertilization - Occurs in the fallopian tube; results in a unicellular zygote
     II. Cleavage- Also takes place in the fallopian tube after fertilization
     III. Morula and Blastocyst
     IV. Implantation- Attachment of blastocyst to endometrium of uterus; start of pregnancy
     V. Gestation- Differentiate embryonic development from fetal development in terms of period covered during gestation

5. Describe the events in the Menstrual Cycle
     I.Ovarian cycle: Follicular phase; Ovulation; Luteal Phase
     II.Uterine cycle: Menstrual phase; Proliferative phase; Secretory phase

6. Contraception and its Types
     I. Ovulation-suppressing methods- Oral contraceptives
     II. Barrier methods- Physical (Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap)
     III. Chemical- Spermicidal jelly and foam
     IV. Surgical methods- Vasectomy and Tubal ligation
     V. Implantation-suppressing methods- IUD and Morning-after pill
     VI. Others: Abstinence

Reproduction Quiz 1